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如何選擇焊接不銹鋼焊絲焊條及填充材料
日期：2025-04-28 15:17
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摘要：<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">如何選擇焊接不銹鋼焊絲焊條及填充材料</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">常見(jiàn)不銹鋼焊絲焊條主要用途如下</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H05Cr22NillMn6Mo3VN</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，也可以用于不同種類合金及低碳鋼管與不銹鋼管的焊接。用作熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊絲可直接在碳鋼上進(jìn)行堆焊，形成具有較高強(qiáng)韌性和良好抗晶間腐蝕能力的耐腐蝕保護(hù)層</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H10Crl7Ni8Mn8Si4N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，也可以用于低碳鋼與不銹鋼等不同鋼種的焊接與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl9Ni9</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">類鋼比較，該種焊絲的熔敷層具有更好的強(qiáng)韌性和耐磨性，常用作低碳鋼的堆焊材料</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H05Cr20Ni6Mn9N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，也可以用于低碳鋼與不銹鋼等不同鋼種的焊接。該焊絲使用性能與前兩種相似，主要用作熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊絲，不適宜用作鎢極氣體保護(hù)焊、等離子弧焊和電子束焊的充填焊絲</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">4H05Crl8Ni5Mnl2N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，用途和使用性能與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H05Cr20Ni6Mn9N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相似，只是熔敷層的耐蝕稍差，而耐磨性能更好點(diǎn)</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H10Cr21Nil0Mn6</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用途同</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H05Cr22NillMn6M03VN</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊絲，具有良好的強(qiáng)靭性和優(yōu)良的抗磨性能，主要用于耐磨髙錳鋼的焊接和碳鋼的表面堆焊</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H09Cr21Ni9Mn4M0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：主要用于不同種鋼的焊接，如奧氏體錳鋼與碳鋼鍛件或鑄件的焊接。焊縫強(qiáng)度適中，但具有良好的抗裂性能</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr21Nil0Si H08Cr21Nil0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">18-8</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">18-12</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">20-10</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型奧氏體不銹鋼的焊接，是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl9Ni9(304)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不銹鋼*常用的焊接材料</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H06Cr21Nil0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量控制在上限外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr21Ni1O</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同由于碳量較高，焊縫在高溫條件下具有較高的抗拉強(qiáng)度和較好的抗蠕變性能。常用于焊接</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">07Crl9Ni9(304H)</span></span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr21Nil0Si H03Cr21Nil0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">HO8Cr21Nil0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。由于碳含量較低，不至于在晶間產(chǎn)生碳化物析出，其抗晶間腐蝕能力與含鈮或鈦等穩(wěn)定化元素的鋼相似，但高溫強(qiáng)度稍低</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr20NillMo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除鉬含量較高外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr21NilO</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">基本相同。常用于焊接鉻、鎳、鉬含量相近的鑄件；在希望焊縫中鐵素體含量較高條件下，也可用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">07Crl7Nil2Mo2(316)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鍛件的焊接</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H04Cr20NillMo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr20NillMo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。常用于焊接鉻、鎳、鉬含量相近的鑄件；在希望焊縫中鐵素體含量較高，也可用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> 03Crl7Nil2Mo2(316L)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鍛件的焊接</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr21Nil0Sil H03Cr21Nil0Sil</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除硅含量較高外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr21Nil0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr21NU0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。在氣體保護(hù)焊接過(guò)程中，硅能改善焊縫鋼水的流動(dòng)性和浸潤(rùn)性，使得焊縫光滑、平整。如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3Si H12Cr24Nil3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接成分相似的鍛件和鑄件，也可以用于不同種金屬的焊接，如</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl9Ni9</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼與碳鋼的焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">;</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">常用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl9Ni9</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">復(fù)合鋼板的復(fù)層焊接，以及碳鋼殼體內(nèi)襯不銹鋼薄板的焊接</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr24Nil3Si H03Cr24Nil3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3S</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。由于碳含量較低，不至于在晶間產(chǎn)生碳化物析出，其抗晶間腐蝕能力與含鈮或鈦等穩(wěn)定化元素的鋼相似，但高溫強(qiáng)度稍低</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除含</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.0%-3.0%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鉬外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。因?yàn)殍€能提高鋼在含鹵化物氣氛中的抗點(diǎn)腐蝕的能力，該焊絲主要用于鋼材表面堆焊，作為</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil4Mo3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">填充金屬多層堆焊的層堆焊，以及在碳鋼殼體中含鉬不銹鋼內(nèi)襯的焊接、含鉬不銹鋼復(fù)合鋼板與碳鋼或</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl9Ni9</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼的連接</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr24Nil3Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同，其抗晶間腐蝕能力</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">優(yōu)于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。在表面多層的堆焊時(shí)，為保證后續(xù)堆焊層有較低的含碳量，層通常采用低碳的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr24Nil3Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊絲</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3Sil H03Cr24Nil3Sil</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除硅含量提髙到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.65%-1.00%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr24Nil3Si</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr24Nil3Si</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。在氣體保護(hù)焊接過(guò)程中，硅能改善焊縫鋼水的流動(dòng)性和浸潤(rùn)性，使得焊縫光滑、平整，如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr26Ni21Si H12Cr26Ni21</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：該牌號(hào)具有良好的耐熱和耐腐蝕性能，常用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">25-20(310)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不銹鋼</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Si H08Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：牌號(hào)中含有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">2.0%-3.0%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的鉬，因而鋼具有良好的抗點(diǎn)腐蝕能力，在高溫抗蠕變性能也顯著提高。常用于焊接在高溫下工作或在含有氯離子氣氛中工作的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">07Crl7Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H06Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量控制在上限外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同，但其髙溫抗拉強(qiáng)度有所提高。主要用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">07Crl7Nil2Mo2(316H)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Si H03Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同，主要用于焊接超低碳含鉬奧氏體不誘鋼及合金。因?yàn)樘己康停诓徊捎免?、鈮等穩(wěn)定化元素的條件下，焊縫具有良好的抗晶間腐蝕性能，但髙溫抗拉強(qiáng)度低于含鈦、鈮的焊縫</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除硅含量提髙到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.65%-1.00%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。用于熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊中，可改善充填金屬的工藝性，如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Cu2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：牌號(hào)中含有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">1.0%-2.5%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的銅，其耐腐蝕和耐點(diǎn)蝕性能優(yōu)于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cri9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">，主要用于焊接耐硫酸腐蝕的容器、管道及結(jié)構(gòu)件</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil4Mo3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：該牌號(hào)耐點(diǎn)蝕、縫隙腐蝕和抗蠕變性能優(yōu)于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。常用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl9Nil3Mo3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼和成分相似的合金</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">在點(diǎn)腐蝕和縫隙腐蝕的比較嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境中工作</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Crl9Nil4Mo3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：在不添加鈦或鈮等穩(wěn)定化元素的情況下，通過(guò)降低碳含量</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;">H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">：通過(guò)添加鈮來(lái)穩(wěn)定碳，防止晶間析出碳化鉻，提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力用于焊接成分相似的不銹鋼</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H07Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接成分相似的合金，通常焊件均用于腐蝕性較強(qiáng)的氣氛或介質(zhì)中，如含硫酸、亞硫酸及其鹽類的介質(zhì)中。因?yàn)楹蟹€(wěn)定化元素鈮，用該焊絲焊接的鑄件和鍛件，焊后可以不進(jìn)行熱處理</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H02Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：該牌號(hào)的基本成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H07Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同，但碳、硅、磷、硫的含量比較低，對(duì)銀和錳含量控制也比較嚴(yán)，因而可以在不降低抗晶間腐蝕的前提下，大幅度減少純奧氏體焊縫的熱裂紋和刀狀腐蝕裂紋。焊絲用于成分相似的合金的鎢極氣體保護(hù)焊、熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊及埋弧焊，但采用埋弧焊時(shí)，</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊縫容易產(chǎn)生熱裂紋。焊縫抗拉強(qiáng)度比用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H07Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊接時(shí)低</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Crl9Nil0Ti</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：通過(guò)添加鈦來(lái)穩(wěn)定碳，防止晶間析出碳化鉻，提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力，用于焊接成分相似的不銹鋼。該焊絲宜采用惰性氣體保護(hù)焊，不宜采用埋弧焊。因?yàn)槁窕『笜O易造成焊縫中鈦的流失</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H21Crl6Ni35</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接在</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">980</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">以上工作的耐熱和抗氧化部件，因?yàn)殒嚭扛?，不適宜焊</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">接在高硫氣氛中作的部件。*常見(jiàn)的用途是焊接成分相似的鑄件和鍛件，或用于合金鑄件缺陷的補(bǔ)焊</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr20Nil0Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：通過(guò)添加鈮來(lái)穩(wěn)定碳，防止晶間析出碳化鉻，提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力，用于焊接成分相似的不銹鋼。如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性明顯升高</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr20Nil0SiNb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除硅含量提高到</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">0.65%-1.00%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08Cr20Nil0Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相同。</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">用于熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊中，可改善充填金屬的工藝性，如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H02Cr27Ni32Mo3Cu</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接鐵鎳葚高溫合金和成分相近的不銹鋼，通常在硫酸和磷酸介質(zhì)中使用。為減少焊縫中的熱裂紋和刀狀腐蝕裂紋，應(yīng)將焊絲中的碳、硅、磷、硫</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">控制在規(guī)定的較低范圍內(nèi)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H02Cr20Ni25Mo4Cu</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：主要用于焊接裝運(yùn)硫酸或裝運(yùn)含有氯化物介質(zhì)的容器，也可用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">03Crl9Nil4Mo3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不銹鋼的焊接。為減少焊縫中的熱裂紋和刀狀腐蝕裂紋，應(yīng)將焊絲中的碳、硅、磷、硫控制在規(guī)定的較低范圍內(nèi)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H06Crl9Nil0TiNb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：該焊絲成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H06Cr21Nil0</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相似，只是對(duì)鉻、鉬含量加以限制，同時(shí)添加適量鈦和鈮，目的是控制焊縫中鐵素體含量，降低在高溫下長(zhǎng)期使用過(guò)程中的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">a</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相的析出，防止焊縫變脆。為保持相平衡，焊接過(guò)程中要采取相應(yīng)措施，</span></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size:small;">防止增鉻與鉻的燒損</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H10Crl6Ni8Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：主要用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl6Ni8Mo2</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">07Crl7Nil2Mo2(316)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US"> 08Crl8Nil2Nb(347</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">）型高溫、高壓不銹鋼管的焊接。因?yàn)楹缚p中一般含有不高于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">5%(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">體積比）的鐵素體，焊縫具有良好的熱塑性，即使在應(yīng)力作用下，也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱裂紋和弧坑裂紋，焊縫可在焊態(tài)或固溶狀態(tài)下使用。在某些介質(zhì)中</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Cr16Ni8M02</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">焊縫的耐蝕性能不如</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">07Crl7M12Mo2,</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">此時(shí)應(yīng)選用耐蝕性能更好的焊絲</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：主要用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">03Cr22Ni6Mo3N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">等含有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">22%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鉻的雙相不銹鋼。因?yàn)楹缚p為奧氏體</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鐵素體兩相組織，具有抗拉強(qiáng)度高、抗應(yīng)力腐蝕能力強(qiáng)、抗點(diǎn)蝕性能顯著改善等優(yōu)點(diǎn)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H04Cr25Ni5Mo3Cu2N</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：主要用于焊接含有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">25%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鉻的雙相不銹鋼。焊縫具有奧氏體</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鐵素體雙相不銹鋼的全部?jī)?yōu)點(diǎn)</span></span>
</p>
<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H15Cr30Ni9</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：常用于焊接成分相似的鑄造合金，也可以用于碳鋼和不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">特別是高鎳不銹鋼</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">的焊接。因焊絲的鐵素體形成元素含量高，即使焊縫金屬被母材</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">(</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">高鎳</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">)</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">稀釋，焊絲中仍能保持較高的鐵素體含量，焊縫仍具有很強(qiáng)的抗裂紋能力</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Crl3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：常用于焊接成分相似的合金，也可以用于碳鋼表面堆焊，以獲得耐腐蝕、抗點(diǎn)蝕的耐磨層。焊前應(yīng)對(duì)焊接進(jìn)行預(yù)熱，焊后應(yīng)進(jìn)行熱處理</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H06Crl2Nil4Mo</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：主要用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08Crl3Ni4Mo</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鑄件和各種規(guī)格的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">15Crl3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08CH3A1</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">不銹鋼。該填絲通過(guò)降鉻和加鎳來(lái)隈制焊縫產(chǎn)生鐵素體。為防止顯微組織中未回火馬氏體重新硬化，焊后熱處理溫度不宜超過(guò)</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">620</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-bidi-font-family:宋體;">℃</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H31Crl3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：除碳含量較髙外，其它成分與</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H12Crl3</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">相似，主要用于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">12%</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">鉻鋼的表面堆焊，其熔敷層硬度更高，耐磨性更好</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H06Crl4</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">08013</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不銹鋼，焊縫韌性較好，有一定的耐腐性能，焊接前后無(wú)需預(yù)熱和熱處理</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H10Crl7</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">12CH7</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">型不銹鋼，焊縫具有良好的抗腐蝕性能，經(jīng)熱赴理后能保持足夠的韌性。焊接過(guò)程中，通常要求預(yù)熱和焊后熱處理</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H01Cr26Mo</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：該牌號(hào)為超純鐵素體焊絲，主要用于超純鐵素體不銹鋼的惰性氣體保護(hù)焊。焊接過(guò)程中應(yīng)充分注意焊件的清潔和保護(hù)氣體的有效使用，防止焊縫被氧和氮污染</span></span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08CrllTi</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接同類不銹鋼或不同種類的低碳鋼材。焊縫中因含有穩(wěn)定化元素鈦，改善鋼的抗晶間腐蝕性能，抗拉強(qiáng)度也有所提高，目前主要用于汽車尾氣排放部件的焊接</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08CrllNb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：以鈮代鈦，用途同</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H08CrllTi</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">。因?yàn)殁壴陔娀∠卵趸療龘p很少，可以更**地控制焊縫成分</span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">H05Crl7Ni4Cu4Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">：用于焊接</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"><span lang="EN-US">07Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb</span></span><span style="font-family:宋體;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman";">和其它類型的沉淀硬化型不銹鋼。焊絲成分經(jīng)調(diào)整后，可以防止焊縫中產(chǎn)生有害的網(wǎng)狀鐵素體組織，根據(jù)焊縫尺寸和使用條件，焊件可在焊態(tài)、焊態(tài)加沉淀硬化態(tài)或焊態(tài)加固溶處理加沉淀硬化態(tài)使用</span></span>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:small;"> </span></span>
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<span style="font-family:宋體;font-size:small;"> </span>
如何選擇焊接不銹鋼焊絲焊條及填充材料
常見(jiàn)不銹鋼焊絲焊條主要用途如下
H05Cr22NillMn6Mo3VN：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，也可以用于不同種類合金及低碳鋼管與不銹鋼管的焊接。用作熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊絲可直接在碳鋼上進(jìn)行堆焊，形成具有較高強(qiáng)韌性和良好抗晶間腐蝕能力的耐腐蝕保護(hù)層
H10Crl7Ni8Mn8Si4N：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，也可以用于低碳鋼與不銹鋼等不同鋼種的焊接與08Crl9Ni9類鋼比較，該種焊絲的熔敷層具有更好的強(qiáng)韌性和耐磨性，常用作低碳鋼的堆焊材料
H05Cr20Ni6Mn9N：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，也可以用于低碳鋼與不銹鋼等不同鋼種的焊接。該焊絲使用性能與前兩種相似，主要用作熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊絲，不適宜用作鎢極氣體保護(hù)焊、等離子弧焊和電子束焊的充填焊絲
4H05Crl8Ni5Mnl2N：常用于焊接同牌號(hào)的不銹鋼，用途和使用性能與H05Cr20Ni6Mn9N相似，只是熔敷層的耐蝕稍差，而耐磨性能更好點(diǎn)
H10Cr21Nil0Mn6：用途同H05Cr22NillMn6M03VN焊絲，具有良好的強(qiáng)靭性和優(yōu)良的抗磨性能，主要用于耐磨髙錳鋼的焊接和碳鋼的表面堆焊
H09Cr21Ni9Mn4M0：主要用于不同種鋼的焊接，如奧氏體錳鋼與碳鋼鍛件或鑄件的焊接。焊縫強(qiáng)度適中，但具有良好的抗裂性能
H08Cr21Nil0Si H08Cr21Nil0：用于18-8、18-12和20-10型奧氏體不銹鋼的焊接，是08Crl9Ni9(304)型不銹鋼*常用的焊接材料
H06Cr21Nil0：除碳含量控制在上限外，其它成分與H08Cr21Ni1O相同由于碳量較高，焊縫在高溫條件下具有較高的抗拉強(qiáng)度和較好的抗蠕變性能。常用于焊接07Crl9Ni9(304H)
H03Cr21Nil0Si H03Cr21Nil0：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與HO8Cr21Nil0相同。由于碳含量較低，不至于在晶間產(chǎn)生碳化物析出，其抗晶間腐蝕能力與含鈮或鈦等穩(wěn)定化元素的鋼相似，但高溫強(qiáng)度稍低
H08Cr20NillMo2：除鉬含量較高外，其它成分與H03Cr21NilO基本相同。常用于焊接鉻、鎳、鉬含量相近的鑄件；在希望焊縫中鐵素體含量較高條件下，也可用于07Crl7Nil2Mo2(316)鍛件的焊接
H04Cr20NillMo2：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與H08Cr20NillMo2相同。常用于焊接鉻、鎳、鉬含量相近的鑄件；在希望焊縫中鐵素體含量較高，也可用于 03Crl7Nil2Mo2(316L)鍛件的焊接
H08Cr21Nil0Sil H03Cr21Nil0Sil：除硅含量較高外，其它成分與H08Cr21Nil0和H03Cr21NU0相同。在氣體保護(hù)焊接過(guò)程中，硅能改善焊縫鋼水的流動(dòng)性和浸潤(rùn)性，使得焊縫光滑、平整。如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)
H12Cr24Nil3Si H12Cr24Nil3：用于焊接成分相似的鍛件和鑄件，也可以用于不同種金屬的焊接，如08Crl9Ni9不銹鋼與碳鋼的焊接;常用于08Crl9Ni9復(fù)合鋼板的復(fù)層焊接，以及碳鋼殼體內(nèi)襯不銹鋼薄板的焊接
H03Cr24Nil3Si H03Cr24Nil3：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與H12Cr24Nil3S和H12Cr24Nil3相同。由于碳含量較低，不至于在晶間產(chǎn)生碳化物析出，其抗晶間腐蝕能力與含鈮或鈦等穩(wěn)定化元素的鋼相似，但高溫強(qiáng)度稍低
H12Cr24Nil3Mo2：除含2.0%-3.0%鉬外，其它成分與H12Cr24Nil3相同。因?yàn)殍€能提高鋼在含鹵化物氣氛中的抗點(diǎn)腐蝕的能力，該焊絲主要用于鋼材表面堆焊，作為H08Crl9Nil2Mo2或H08Crl9Nil4Mo3填充金屬多層堆焊的層堆焊，以及在碳鋼殼體中含鉬不銹鋼內(nèi)襯的焊接、含鉬不銹鋼復(fù)合鋼板與碳鋼或08Crl9Ni9不銹鋼的連接
H03Cr24Nil3Mo2：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與H12Cr24Nil3Mo2相同，其抗晶間腐蝕能力 優(yōu)于H12Cr24Nil3Mo2。在表面多層的堆焊時(shí)，為保證后續(xù)堆焊層有較低的含碳量，層通常采用低碳的H03Cr24Nil3Mo2焊絲
H12Cr24Nil3Sil H03Cr24Nil3Sil：除硅含量提髙到0.65%-1.00%外，其它成分與H12Cr24Nil3Si和H03Cr24Nil3Si相同。在氣體保護(hù)焊接過(guò)程中，硅能改善焊縫鋼水的流動(dòng)性和浸潤(rùn)性，使得焊縫光滑、平整，如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)
H12Cr26Ni21Si H12Cr26Ni21：該牌號(hào)具有良好的耐熱和耐腐蝕性能，常用于焊接25-20(310)型不銹鋼
H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Si H08Crl9Nil2Mo2：牌號(hào)中含有2.0%-3.0%的鉬，因而鋼具有良好的抗點(diǎn)腐蝕能力，在高溫抗蠕變性能也顯著提高。常用于焊接在高溫下工作或在含有氯離子氣氛中工作的07Crl7Nil2Mo2不銹鋼
H06Crl9Nil2Mo2：除碳含量控制在上限外，其它成分與H08Crl9Nil2Mo2相同，但其髙溫抗拉強(qiáng)度有所提高。主要用于焊接07Crl7Nil2Mo2(316H)不銹鋼
H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Si H03Crl9Nil2Mo2：除碳含量較低外，其它成分與H08Crl9Nil2Mo2相同，主要用于焊接超低碳含鉬奧氏體不誘鋼及合金。因?yàn)樘己康?，在不采用鈦、鈮等穩(wěn)定化元素的條件下，焊縫具有良好的抗晶間腐蝕性能，但髙溫抗拉強(qiáng)度低于含鈦、鈮的焊縫
H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil：除硅含量提髙到0.65%-1.00%外，其它成分與H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil和 H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Sil相同。用于熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊中，可改善充填金屬的工藝性，如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)
H03Crl9Nil2Mo2Cu2：牌號(hào)中含有1.0%-2.5%的銅，其耐腐蝕和耐點(diǎn)蝕性能優(yōu)于H03Cri9Nil2Mo2，主要用于焊接耐硫酸腐蝕的容器、管道及結(jié)構(gòu)件
H08Crl9Nil4Mo3：該牌號(hào)耐點(diǎn)蝕、縫隙腐蝕和抗蠕變性能優(yōu)于H08Crl9Nil2Mo2。常用于焊接08Crl9Nil3Mo3不銹鋼和成分相似的合金,在點(diǎn)腐蝕和縫隙腐蝕的比較嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境中工作
H03Crl9Nil4Mo3：在不添加鈦或鈮等穩(wěn)定化元素的情況下，通過(guò)降低碳含量,提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力
H08Crl9Nil2Mo2Nb：通過(guò)添加鈮來(lái)穩(wěn)定碳，防止晶間析出碳化鉻，提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力用于焊接成分相似的不銹鋼
H07Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb：用于焊接成分相似的合金，通常焊件均用于腐蝕性較強(qiáng)的氣氛或介質(zhì)中，如含硫酸、亞硫酸及其鹽類的介質(zhì)中。因?yàn)楹蟹€(wěn)定化元素鈮，用該焊絲焊接的鑄件和鍛件，焊后可以不進(jìn)行熱處理
H02Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb：該牌號(hào)的基本成分與H07Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb相同，但碳、硅、磷、硫的含量比較低，對(duì)銀和錳含量控制也比較嚴(yán)，因而可以在不降低抗晶間腐蝕的前提下，大幅度減少純奧氏體焊縫的熱裂紋和刀狀腐蝕裂紋。焊絲用于成分相似的合金的鎢極氣體保護(hù)焊、熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊及埋弧焊，但采用埋弧焊時(shí)， 焊縫容易產(chǎn)生熱裂紋。焊縫抗拉強(qiáng)度比用H07Cr20Ni34Mo2Cu3Nb焊接時(shí)低
H08Crl9Nil0Ti：通過(guò)添加鈦來(lái)穩(wěn)定碳，防止晶間析出碳化鉻，提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力，用于焊接成分相似的不銹鋼。該焊絲宜采用惰性氣體保護(hù)焊，不宜采用埋弧焊。因?yàn)槁窕『笜O易造成焊縫中鈦的流失
H21Crl6Ni35：用于焊接在980℃以上工作的耐熱和抗氧化部件，因?yàn)殒嚭扛撸贿m宜焊 接在高硫氣氛中作的部件。*常見(jiàn)的用途是焊接成分相似的鑄件和鍛件，或用于合金鑄件缺陷的補(bǔ)焊
H08Cr20Nil0Nb：通過(guò)添加鈮來(lái)穩(wěn)定碳，防止晶間析出碳化鉻，提高鋼的抗晶間腐蝕能力，用于焊接成分相似的不銹鋼。如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性明顯升高
H08Cr20Nil0SiNb：除硅含量提高到0.65%-1.00%外，其它成分與H08Cr20Nil0Nb相同。 用于熔化極氣體保護(hù)焊中，可改善充填金屬的工藝性，如果焊縫被母材稀釋生成低鐵素體或純奧氏體組織，則焊縫裂紋敏感性要比用低硅焊絲高點(diǎn)
H02Cr27Ni32Mo3Cu：用于焊接鐵鎳葚高溫合金和成分相近的不銹鋼，通常在硫酸和磷酸介質(zhì)中使用。為減少焊縫中的熱裂紋和刀狀腐蝕裂紋，應(yīng)將焊絲中的碳、硅、磷、硫 控制在規(guī)定的較低范圍內(nèi)
H02Cr20Ni25Mo4Cu：主要用于焊接裝運(yùn)硫酸或裝運(yùn)含有氯化物介質(zhì)的容器，也可用于03Crl9Nil4Mo3型不銹鋼的焊接。為減少焊縫中的熱裂紋和刀狀腐蝕裂紋，應(yīng)將焊絲中的碳、硅、磷、硫控制在規(guī)定的較低范圍內(nèi)
H06Crl9Nil0TiNb：該焊絲成分與H06Cr21Nil0相似，只是對(duì)鉻、鉬含量加以限制，同時(shí)添加適量鈦和鈮，目的是控制焊縫中鐵素體含量，降低在高溫下長(zhǎng)期使用過(guò)程中的a相的析出，防止焊縫變脆。為保持相平衡，焊接過(guò)程中要采取相應(yīng)措施， 防止增鉻與鉻的燒損
H10Crl6Ni8Mo2：主要用于08Crl6Ni8Mo2、07Crl7Nil2Mo2(316)和 08Crl8Nil2Nb(347）型高溫、高壓不銹鋼管的焊接。因?yàn)楹缚p中一般含有不高于5%(體積比）的鐵素體，焊縫具有良好的熱塑性，即使在應(yīng)力作用下，也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱裂紋和弧坑裂紋，焊縫可在焊態(tài)或固溶狀態(tài)下使用。在某些介質(zhì)中H12Cr16Ni8M02焊縫的耐蝕性能不如07Crl7M12Mo2,此時(shí)應(yīng)選用耐蝕性能更好的焊絲
H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N：主要用于焊接03Cr22Ni6Mo3N等含有22%鉻的雙相不銹鋼。因?yàn)楹缚p為奧氏體-鐵素體兩相組織，具有抗拉強(qiáng)度高、抗應(yīng)力腐蝕能力強(qiáng)、抗點(diǎn)蝕性能顯著改善等優(yōu)點(diǎn)
H04Cr25Ni5Mo3Cu2N：主要用于焊接含有25%鉻的雙相不銹鋼。焊縫具有奧氏體-鐵素體雙相不銹鋼的全部?jī)?yōu)點(diǎn)
H15Cr30Ni9：常用于焊接成分相似的鑄造合金，也可以用于碳鋼和不銹鋼(特別是高鎳不銹鋼)的焊接。因焊絲的鐵素體形成元素含量高，即使焊縫金屬被母材(高鎳)稀釋，焊絲中仍能保持較高的鐵素體含量，焊縫仍具有很強(qiáng)的抗裂紋能力
H12Crl3：常用于焊接成分相似的合金，也可以用于碳鋼表面堆焊，以獲得耐腐蝕、抗點(diǎn)蝕的耐磨層。焊前應(yīng)對(duì)焊接進(jìn)行預(yù)熱，焊后應(yīng)進(jìn)行熱處理
H06Crl2Nil4Mo：主要用于焊接08Crl3Ni4Mo鑄件和各種規(guī)格的15Crl3和08CH3A1不銹鋼。該填絲通過(guò)降鉻和加鎳來(lái)隈制焊縫產(chǎn)生鐵素體。為防止顯微組織中未回火馬氏體重新硬化，焊后熱處理溫度不宜超過(guò)620℃
H31Crl3：除碳含量較髙外，其它成分與H12Crl3相似，主要用于12%鉻鋼的表面堆焊，其熔敷層硬度更高，耐磨性更好
H06Crl4：用于焊接08013型不銹鋼，焊縫韌性較好，有一定的耐腐性能，焊接前后無(wú)需預(yù)熱和熱處理
H10Crl7：用于焊接12CH7型不銹鋼，焊縫具有良好的抗腐蝕性能，經(jīng)熱赴理后能保持足夠的韌性。焊接過(guò)程中，通常要求預(yù)熱和焊后熱處理
H01Cr26Mo：該牌號(hào)為超純鐵素體焊絲，主要用于超純鐵素體不銹鋼的惰性氣體保護(hù)焊。焊接過(guò)程中應(yīng)充分注意焊件的清潔和保護(hù)氣體的有效使用，防止焊縫被氧和氮污染
H08CrllTi：用于焊接同類不銹鋼或不同種類的低碳鋼材。焊縫中因含有穩(wěn)定化元素鈦，改善鋼的抗晶間腐蝕性能，抗拉強(qiáng)度也有所提高，目前主要用于汽車尾氣排放部件的焊接
H08CrllNb：以鈮代鈦，用途同H08CrllTi。因?yàn)殁壴陔娀∠卵趸療龘p很少，可以更**地控制焊縫成分
H05Crl7Ni4Cu4Nb：用于焊接07Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb和其它類型的沉淀硬化型不銹鋼。焊絲成分經(jīng)調(diào)整后，可以防止焊縫中產(chǎn)生有害的網(wǎng)狀鐵素體組織，根據(jù)焊縫尺寸和使用條件，焊件可在焊態(tài)、焊態(tài)加沉淀硬化態(tài)或焊態(tài)加固溶處理加沉淀硬化態(tài)使用
